Investment arbitration, hailed as a cornerstone of international trade and investment, finds itself embroiled in a critical debate regarding the interpretation and application of pre-conditions to arbitration. This article delves into the heart of this debate, analysing the lack of consensus within the jurisprudence and its implications for the legitimacy and effectiveness of the system.

Desire for affordable and quick justice is universal. Justice, a crucial aspect of any civilized society, intends to establish fairness, equity, and equal opportunities for all members or citizens. The Preamble of India reflects this goal with aspirations of “justice-social, economic, and political.” Article 39-A of the Constitution ensures equal access to justice. The administration

The rights to access justice and to have a fair trial are enshrined and safeguarded in various international human Rights instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the Inter-American Convention on Human Rights and the European

This article focuses on addressing problems and challenges facing land dispute machinery in resolving land dispute by using Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in Tanzania. The article reveals that disputes over the land are inevitable because land is the principal means of production. Long-drawn-out land disputes undermine effective land utilization and sustainable development. The competing interests

The objective of this work is to analyze mediation as an alternative dispute resolution method with much emphasis on the autonomy of the parties. Notwithstanding the fact that the traditional way of dispute settlement has been in the court of law, mediation and other out of court settlement methods have gained widespread acceptance among both

The construction industry is expected to be one of the main drivers of global economic growth. It covers a wide range of activities related to complex infrastructure projects, engineering works, commercial and residential constructions, development projects, and more. The construction industry has important links with other sectors, so its impact on GDP and economic development